Theories in Psychology
Psychology is a broad field that encompasses all elements of human behavior. Several theories can help us comprehend human nature in great depth. Theories are spanning from thought or cognitive processes to individual acts. Every hypothesis advances our understanding of human nature. Several theories of learning have evolved to explain how humans think and behave.
Having a strong understanding of psychology can also help us predict where psychology will lead in the future. There are some famous contemporary theories in psychology as mentioned in this article.
Cognitive learning theory
Cognitive learning theory (CLT) describes how the human mind functions during learning. How do people receive information, how do they process it, and how do external and internal variables influence their learning? CLT provides answers to such questions. It focuses on awareness, memory and the cognitive process of humans.
Cognitive learning theory enables us to comprehend the thinking process that underlies a certain behavior. CLT encourages students to reflect on their behaviors and ideas. This method simplifies the learning process and aids in the understanding and retention of knowledge. Behavior changes are observed and correlated to an intrinsic cognitive ability using this method.
Discussions, riddles, concept-linking, problem-solving, and other activities are encouraged in this kind of learning.
Behaviorism learning theory
Behaviorism learning theory suggests that people adopt new behaviors in response to an external stimulus. This means that the environment (society) influences these behaviors. All behavior is taught by encounters with the environment according to this idea.
Behaviorism theory is a prominent idea focused on learning. Behaviorism focuses on the concept that the contact with the environment teaches all behaviors. Behaviorism assists teachers in understanding students’ behaviors and actions so that they may successfully attend to them. Teachers are also made aware that the family environment and lifestyle of a student might affect their conduct, enabling them to recognize and help these students develop accordingly.
Positive reinforcement is essential in behaviorism learning theory because when students are rewarded for their behavior, they tend to improve it. Similarly, motivation and repetition have an important role in the development of positive and healthy behaviors in students. Teachers can utilize this approach to improve certain students’ behaviors by assigning exercises, asking questions, accurately assessing them, and rewarding or penalizing specific actions (positive and negative reinforcement).
Constructivism learning theory
According to the theory of constructivism, human beings are the creators of meanings and build their realities fundamentally. Individuals are considered as the one who actively participates in creating their paths. The basic principle of constructivism is to develop human learning, to build new learning on the foundation of past learning. Constructivism-influenced therapies can help to address a wide range of problems. Passive learning does not last long, therefore a thorough grasp of the subject is necessary, which can only be achieved by connecting past knowledge with the present one, as well as with the processes involved in the learning process.
The theory suggests that the responsibility for learning should be with the student. Students are considered to be an active participant in the learning process, unlike earlier educational perspectives where the teacher was responsible and the student was passive and responsive. Students build up their knowledge and not only reflect what they read.
Humanism learning theory
Psychological theory of humanism focuses largely on the humanity of the person and the various variables contributing to his or her feelings, behaviors and images. Humanism believes that everyone is unique and can change if they want. The philosophy of humanism affirms that everyone is responsible for being happy and functioning in the world. It relies on the fact that people realize their potential via observations and acquired experiences. The humanistic learning theory contains numerous fundamental concepts which all lead to self-actualization. In this theory, the individual focuses on his or her mental health and starts working on self-improvement.
Using this theory for the learning process, students are encouraged to start taking their own decisions so they can grow into responsible adults. Humanistic learning relies thus on teachers who try to engage and guide students and encourage them to find topics they love to study. Teachers that use this approach allow students to analyze their performance so that they may have a good understanding of where they need to improve. For humanistic learning both cognitive and emotional learning are crucial. Teachers who take a humanistic approach are concerned about their students’ needs and strive to offer a secure and happy learning environment.
Why are the learning theories in psychology important?
Learning is an important process as the children’s development depends on it. Making use of the various learning theories in psychology will enhance the process and make it much easier for the students and the teachers. These theories have considerably affected the psychological, parental and professional support. There are numerous reliable theories of learning from which teachers may study while preparing to aid students in class. A proper knowledge of these learning theories helps teachers connect with all sorts of students. Teachers can focus on various learning styles, developing lessons which focus directly on student needs.
Learning theories in psychology assist teachers in comprehending the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of various students. As a result, the majority of students will be able to connect with the lesson and measure their progress. It will help students flourish in academic, personal, and social areas of their lives in the long term.
